US - Science

_Earth

River Rock

‘River rock’ is a diverse collection of stones that have been naturally ‘smoothed and rounded’ over time by the flow of river-water. These rocks are characterized by their “textured flat surfaces” and a wide range of imperfections, giving each stone a unique look. Their colors vary from “white, grey, tan, and brown” to ‘deeper shades of red,’ making them versatile for a large number of applications.

Linguistics

Multisyllabic words

Words having ‘two or more’ syllables are referred to as ‘multisyllabic’ words. An individual vowel sound, sometimes accompanied by a consonant, makes up a ‘syllable.’ A syllable is a word’s “portion, or chunk.” The most prevalent ‘syllable patterns’ in multisyllabic words are “vc|cv, v|cv, vc|v, and v|v.”

Astronomy

Is the moon a planet

The moon is an Earthly satellite, “not” a planet. Moons, also referred to as “planetary satellites,” are naturally celestial bodies that orbit planets. The most well-known “planetary satellite” is Earth’s Moon, named just ‘Moon’ because it was known firstly before we knew about other planetary satellites.

Chemistry

ppm

The ratios known as “parts per million” (ppm) and “parts per billion” (ppb) indicate how many grams of solute there are in one million or one billion grams of sample, respectively. Like percent, these are a measure of concentration. One drop for every million drops, one gram for every million grams, etc. could be considered a “part per million.”

Astronomy

Red Planet

For Mars, the phrase “Red Planet” is frequently employed because the rusting of the iron minerals in the “Martian mud” gives the surface a red appearance. Mars was named so by the Romans for their “god of war” because its reddish color was reminiscent of blood. The Greeks designated it “Ares.”

Climate

Mammoth

Mammoth, a carbon removal factory in Iceland, is ten times bigger than Climeworks' former facility, “Orca,” and “it will be crucial in order to attain gigaton scale by 2050 and megaton capacity by 2030.” The second commercial “direct air capture and storage” (DAC+S) facility, Mammoth, is Climeworks' 18th project.

Linguistics

How to

The phrase "How to" usually describes a collection of "instructions, procedures, advice or steps" that follow in order to “complete a certain task” or “reach a particular objective”. In the titles of "instructional materials" (e.g., articles, videos, notices or books), “How to” term is often used to imply that the included content provides a "complete set" of instructions (e.g., tips, best practices, troubleshooting advice and “potential pitfalls to avoid").

Linguistics

to

The "to" is quite flexible. “To” is used "as an infinitive marker". “To” is used “as an indicator of purpose, position, direction, comparison, destination, period, span or target”, "as an indicator of completion of state, action, or task", etc..

Chemistry

Sodium ion

When neutral “sodium” (Na) loses one electron from its outer shell, it forms the “sodium ion” (Na+) (i.e., positively charged sodium atom). "Sodium ion" implies elemental sodium, a monovalent inorganic cation, and “an alkali metal cation”. “Sodium ion” is a monatomic, monocation derived from sodium.